{"id":596,"date":"2015-07-28T00:11:11","date_gmt":"2015-07-27T21:11:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/?p=596"},"modified":"2016-02-10T19:56:03","modified_gmt":"2016-02-10T17:56:03","slug":"2003-burgazada-yangini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/?p=596","title":{"rendered":"2003 Burgazada Yang\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n

Prof. Dr. Abdurrahman K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\u00a0*<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayan ve Adalar\u2019a gitmeyenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Adalar, kalabal\u0131k ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fehir ortam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmak isteyenler i\u00e7in bulunmaz mekanlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Otomobil kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verilmeyen Adalar\u2019da, fayton gezintisinin ayr\u0131 bir g\u00fczelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Faytoncular\u0131n, nal seslerinin asfaltta \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 soloyu dinleten bir tutkudur bir sevdad\u0131r Adalar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Denizin ye\u015fille kucakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un do\u011faya penceresi olan Adalar i\u00e7inde Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir yeri vard\u0131r. Burgazada\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mlarken, adalar\u0131n en do\u011fal\u0131 demek daha do\u011fru olur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fakat t\u00fcm r\u00fczgarlara kar\u015f\u0131 emniyetli liman\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u201cemin liman\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Panormos diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu adaya, daha sonralar\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in generali Antigonos\u2019tan dolay\u0131 Antigoni denmi\u015ftir. 1453 den sonra T\u00fcrkler Rumca \u201ckale burcu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Burgaz ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"iuuq_NV_00cvshb_AP_beb_SL_ofsfeflbm_SL_dpn0sft0tvctqpu0tqpu_SK_cvshb_AP_beb_SK_36226121_SK_jfe_SL_kqh\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Burgazada, Prens Adalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck olarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ada yuvalak bir bi\u00e7imdedir ve eni boyu yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kilometredir. Ada \u00fczerindeki tek tepe \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de bulundu\u011fu Bayrak Tepesi\u2019dir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk sanatoryumlar\u0131ndan biri 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda Burgazada\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca uzanan Gezinti caddesi, \u0130sa tepesi, Medeni bey burnu, \u00c7amoka cennet yolu, Barbaros mevkii, Kalpazankaya, \u00c7aml\u0131k ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7eleri bilinen yerleridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n Sait Faik\u2019in adas\u0131 oldu\u011funu, hatta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc yazara bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 adan\u0131n simgesi durumuna gelmi\u015f ada ile adeta \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yk\u00fclerinde, bal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan mart\u0131s\u0131na, Rum bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Laz bakkal\u0131na, ay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakamozlanan dalgalar\u0131na de\u011fin pek \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131 bulabiliriz. \u0130skelede bir heykeli vard\u0131r. Adaya yana\u015f\u0131rken g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen ve adan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihi yap\u0131s\u0131 olan Aya Yani Kilisesi\u2019nin hemen arkas\u0131nda olan evi m\u00fcze olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Varl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ailenin tek \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hep ticarete y\u00f6neltilmek istenen Sait Faik, bir s\u00fcre babas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131srar\u0131 \u00fczerine ticaret yapm\u0131\u015f, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ya\u015famak i\u00e7in Burgazada\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 buradaki k\u00f6\u015fklerinde ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burgazada, yazar\u0131n yazma tutkusunu kam\u00e7\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2018\u2019Ko\u015ftum t\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcye, kalem, ka\u011f\u0131t ald\u0131m. Oturdum. Can\u0131m s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rsa k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fnekler yontmak i\u00e7in cebimde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131m. Kalemi yonttuktan sonra tuttum \u00f6pt\u00fcm. Yazmasam deli olacakt\u0131m\u2019 diye yazmaktad\u0131r. Zaman zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Burgaz adas\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7lardan, ku\u015flardan, b\u00f6ceklerden, denizden art\u0131k \u2018Hi\u015f\u015ftt… hi\u015f\u015ftt..\u201d sesleri duyulmuyor. Sait Faik\u2019in konu\u015ftu\u011fu o a\u011fa\u00e7lar yok art\u0131k, yar\u0131s\u0131 yok oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Burgazada Yang\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"697691-burgazada-yangin\"<\/a>
Burgazada Yang\u0131n\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n tepesinde bulunan Bayrakl\u0131 Mevkii\u2019ndeki \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fck alan\u0131 \u00e7evresinde 06.10.2003 g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 14.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n, r\u00fczgar\u0131n etkisiyle \u00e7ok say\u0131da noktaya s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. Zaman zaman f\u0131rt\u0131naya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen lodosun etkisiyle kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131namad\u0131. Saatteki h\u0131z\u0131 52 kilometreyi bulan lodos nedeniyle, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fcy\u00fcyen yang\u0131n, Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n as\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7amlar\u0131n\u0131 alevler i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131rken yang\u0131n evlerin bulundu\u011fu yerle\u015fim birimini tehdit etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Burgazada\u2019da \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fckte ba\u015flayan\u00a0yang\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edecek helikopter bulunamay\u0131nca yang\u0131n saatlerce devam etti.\u00a0\u0130stanbul Orman B\u00f6lge M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ndeki\u00a0s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme helikopteri, sabah Lapseki\u2019de\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Gelibolu ve Saroz\u2019da da yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca \u0130stanbul\u2019a kayd\u0131r\u0131lamad\u0131. Marmaris ve \u0130zmir\u2019den yeti\u015fen helikopterlerle Kayseri\u2019den gelen s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n havadan m\u00fcdahalesi gecikince yang\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve y\u00fczlerce ki\u015fi adaya \u00e7\u00f6ken dumandan etkilendi. Yang\u0131n 8 saat sonra kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckada ve Heybeliada\u2019dan motorlara binen \u00e7ok say\u0131da Adal\u0131, Burgazada\u2019ya giderek alevlere m\u00fcdahale etti. Yang\u0131na Fatih, Kartal, Maltepe, Pen- dik, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y il\u00e7e itfaiyelerinden ekiplerle, Heybeliada\u2019da bulunan Deniz Lisesi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan g\u00f6nderilen askeri birlikler de kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu arada Maltepe\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kartma gemileriyle i\u015f makinalar\u0131 ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 adaya sevk edildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ama yakla\u015f\u0131k 40\u00a0hektarl\u0131k alan ile 11 evin yand\u0131. Orman yok oldu\u011fu gibi insanlara da zarar\u0131 oldu. Yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u00a0yan\u0131k, dumandan bo\u011fulma ve zehirlenmenin\u00a0d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fka zararlar\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Doktorlar yang\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde bulunanlara, alevlerin fizyolojik ve psikolojik zararlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu belirtmektedirler.\u00a0Yang\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 duman, g\u00f6zleri, bo\u011faz\u0131 ve<\/span>
\n ci\u011ferleri tahri\u015f edebilecek zerrecikler i\u00e7erir. Bu\u00a0zerrecikleri soluyan ki\u015fide ciddi \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck krizleri meydana gelir, bunun sonucunda solunum\u00a0zorlu\u011fu ba\u015flar. Ama orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ac\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Y\u0131llarca ad\u0131m ad\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00a0dallar birka\u00e7 saniyede k\u00fcl olur. Sincaplar\u0131n \u00e7aresizli\u011fi, kaplumba\u011falar\u0131n u\u00e7mak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ku\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131na a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131tlar eklenir. Yanan a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n sesi insan\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini ya\u015fart\u0131r, ci\u011ferini s\u0131zlat\u0131r, duman\u0131n fark\u0131na bile varmazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalarda \u00c7\u00f6p Yang\u0131n\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar\u2019daki \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fcklerde olu\u015fan metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n tutu\u015fmas\u0131 ile s\u00fcrekli yanma meydana gelir Yaz aylar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fcklerden s\u00fcrekli duman \u00e7\u0131kar. Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n uyar\u0131s\u0131 ile itfaiye gider ve alevli olan ve ormana risk getirecek b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ama \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra tekrar tutu\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar il\u00e7esinde 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda 285 adet, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 313 adet ve 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 130 adet \u00e7\u00f6p yang\u0131n\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda toplam 700 adet \u00e7\u00f6p yang\u0131n\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir ki bu t\u00fcm yang\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 82 olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6nce B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019daki, 8 ay \u00f6nce de Heybeliada\u2019daki \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fck alanlar\u0131 kald\u0131rmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n K\u0131nal\u0131 ve Burgazada\u2019daki \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fckler kald\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fckada ve Heybeliada \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fcklerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6p yang\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6plerde olu\u015fan tutu\u015fmalarda, e\u011fer r\u00fczgar h\u0131z\u0131 fazla ise yanan pa\u00e7avralar r\u00fczgarda s\u00fcr\u00fcklenerek 200-300 metre ileride uygun ortam\u0131 buldu\u011funda yang\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olabilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle yaz aylar\u0131nda kurumu\u015f ve yanmaya haz\u0131r durumda bulunan otlar ve yapraklar \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u00a0olabilmektedir. Yang\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan sonra, kozalakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardaki Bu nedenle de yang\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 b\u00f6lgede ayn\u0131 anda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zannedilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Yang\u0131n\u0131n 3-4 yerde birden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, r\u00fczgarl\u0131 bir g\u00fcne rastlamas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fck alan\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yanmamas\u0131 nedeniyle sabotaj sonucu \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ola- bilece\u011fi s\u00f6yledi. Ormandan 200 metre uzakl\u0131kta, iki konak nas\u0131l yand\u0131 diye tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flad\u0131. Oysa, r\u00fczgar\u0131n esti\u011fi do\u011frultu, binalar\u0131n y\u00fczeylerinin yan\u0131- c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgedeki a\u011fa\u00e7 cinsi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Kozalaklar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerdeki yan\u0131c\u0131 maddenin tutu\u015fabilme \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 ormana daha uzak mesafedeki ah\u015fap binalar\u0131n tutu\u015fmas\u0131 yad\u0131rganmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim, yanan evlerin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan Re\u015fat Pa\u015fa Kona\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bah\u00e7\u0131van\u0131 Ali Dursun; \u2018Evlerin \u00fczerine, alev topu gibi kozalaklar ya\u011fd\u0131. Bizim konak da tutu\u015fmak \u00fczereyken ben s\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fcm\u2019 demi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Benzer \u015fekilde yanan ah\u015fap evlerin yanmas\u0131 durumunda f\u0131rlayan s\u0131cak \u00e7ivilerin g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri sava\u015f alan\u0131ndaki mermiler gibidir. Yan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fczeye sapland\u0131klar\u0131nda yeni yang\u0131nlara neden olurlar.\u00a0Burgazada \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne giden yolun kenar\u0131nda bulunan ve r\u00fczgar\u0131n esti\u011fi do\u011frultuda yer alan yanm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeler, yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fckten r\u00fczgar\u0131n etkisi ile s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen yan\u0131c\u0131 par\u00e7alar nedeniyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek- tedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alt Yap\u0131 Yetersizli\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Burgazada gibi b\u00f6lgelerdeki orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na etkili m\u00fcdahale edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle su gereklidir. Sadece tankerlerle ta\u015f\u0131nan su ile orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almak zordur. Yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinden uzak b\u00f6lgelerde emniyet \u015feritlerinin olmas\u0131, helikopter ve u\u00e7aklarla m\u00fcdahale edilmesi, i\u015f makinalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundurulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Fakat, Burgazada gibi yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan ormanl\u0131k alanlarda, su deposu ve hidrant sistemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok daha etkilidir. \u00dcst noktalara yap\u0131lacak su deposu bir kez doldurulur ve yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u00e7in bekletilir. Su deposuna ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hidrant sistemi cazibe ile beslenir. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman denizden su al\u0131nmas\u0131na pompa konulmas\u0131na bile gerek yoktur. Yeterli say\u0131da yang\u0131n muslu\u011fu konuldu\u011fu ve baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde hortum, lans, kazma, k\u00fcrek gibi malzemeler bulunduruldu\u011fu takdirde olay yerine gelen s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ekipleri bu malzemeleri kullanarak yang\u0131na m\u00fcdahale eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131ma su ile de\u011firmen d\u00f6nmedi\u011fi gibi yang\u0131n da s\u00f6nmez. S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u00e7in su gereklidir. Su olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece etkili s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme yap\u0131lamaz. Helikopterlerin su getirmesi beklenirse Burgazada da oldu\u011fu gibi zarar fazla olur. Elbette gerekti\u011finde helikopter ve u\u00e7aktan da yararlan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ama \u00f6ncelikle su ve malzeme alt yap\u0131s\u0131 tamam olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130tfaiyecilik<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme konular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ki\u015filer \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyeci\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f ve itfaiye te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ki\u015fi, bir kurulu\u015f alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devletin \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revlerinden biri, yard\u0131m etkinliklerine kat\u0131lacak sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flamak ve \u00f6nceden uygulama senaryolar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde 6832 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 69.maddesinde \u201cOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131nda, yang\u0131na civar k\u00f6y ve kasabalar\u0131n 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirip 50 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn erkek n\u00fcfusu beraberlerinde mevcut balta, k\u00fcrek, kazma, testere gibi yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye yarayacak aletleriyle yang\u0131n yerine gitmeye ve yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye mecburdurlar\u201d denilmektedir. Bu yasa ile halk\u0131n yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt yap\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmadan, e\u011fitim yapt\u0131r\u0131lmadan, sorumluluk verilmeden g\u00f6rev beklenirse, ya sadece ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kal\u0131r, ya da verimli olmaz. Vatanda\u015fa bu g\u00f6revi vermeden \u00f6nce alt yap\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131, e\u011fi- timin ve organizasyonun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Orman b\u00f6lgelerine yak\u0131n k\u00f6ylerde \u201cG\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc Orman Koruyucular\u0131\u201d olu\u015fturulmal\u0131, e\u011fitim yapt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahale malzemeleri verilmelidir. B\u00f6lgeyi iyi bilen bu ki\u015filer, yang\u0131na \u00e7abuk m\u00fcdahale edebilir ve orman alanlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli denetim alt\u0131nda tutulabilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda yang\u0131na neden olan fakt\u00f6rlerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda da kontrol g\u00f6revi yaparlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin yang\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme konular\u0131nda organizasyonu \u00fclkemizde olduk\u00e7a eskiye dayan\u0131r. Belki de d\u00fcnyada kurulan ilk g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyeci birliklerinden birisi \u201cTulumbac\u0131lar\u201dd\u0131r. Mahalle tulumbac\u0131lar\u0131, mahalle sakinlerinden se\u00e7ilen ve hepsi i\u015f sahibi olan ki\u015filerdir. Profesyonel itfaiyeci de\u011fil, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak mahalle tak\u0131m\u0131na giren, yang\u0131n oldu\u011funda sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 omuzlay\u0131p kilometrelerce ko\u015fan, yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan mahalle sakinidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki mahallelerin spor tak\u0131mlar\u0131na benzer \u00f6zellikte ve mahalleyi temsil eden bir kurulu\u015ftur. Tulumbac\u0131lar, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyecilerin d\u00fcnyada ilk \u00f6rneklerinden biri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6z\u00fcne sad\u0131k kal\u0131narak \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f sistemlerle yenilenmedi\u011finden, dejenere olmu\u015f ve amac\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Avrupa \u00fclkelerine ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ekiplerinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cG\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyeciler\u201d olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde, b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fim merkezlerine uzak olan b\u00f6lgelerde, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130tfaiyecilik geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Olay yerine en yak\u0131n mesafede bulunan g\u00f6- n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyeciler \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde toplanmakta, yang\u0131na trafik kazalar\u0131na veya \u00e7\u00f6kme olaylar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edebilmektedir. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 cihazlar\u0131 ile yang\u0131n\u0131 haber olan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler i\u015flerini b\u0131rakarak, bazen kendi ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile bazen taksi ile, bazen bisiklet ile itfaiye istasyonuna gelmekteler. Genellikle ki\u015filerin toplanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6rt dakika i\u00e7inde tamamlanmakta ve olaya k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede m\u00fcdahale edebilmektedirler. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyecilerin ula\u015f\u0131m masraflar\u0131 devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmekte, \u00e7ok az \u00fclkede belli bir \u00fccret de verilmektedir. Almanya gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde, 5 y\u0131l g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyecilik yapan ki\u015fi askerlikten muaf tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyecilerin g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 kaza veya di\u011fer zararlardan dolay\u0131 sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve tazminat haklar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6rev yaparken ancak kasten veya a\u011f\u0131r kusurlar\u0131 sonucu verdikleri zararlardan sorumlu tutulabilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halk\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak ve onlarda orman sevgisi yaratmak amac\u0131yla televiz- yon, radyo, sinema, video, gazete ve dergiler gibi kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmal\u0131, okul, k\u0131\u015fla ve camilerde orman, orman koruma ve \u00f6zellikle orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitime a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6zetlemeye \u00f6nem verilmeli, sabit g\u00f6zetleme noktalar\u0131 ve gezici g\u00f6zeticiler olu\u015fturulmal\u0131 yerel halktan yard\u0131m al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yeni ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f bir yang\u0131n\u0131 bir veya bir ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi kolayl\u0131kla s\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilirken ayn\u0131 yang\u0131n biraz geni\u015fleyince s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015febilir. Yang\u0131na en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ula\u015fmak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r., yang\u0131na en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede m\u00fcdahale edebilmek i\u00e7in ormanda yeterli bir yol \u015febekesi bulunmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yang\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 andan s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine kadarki s\u00fcre\u00e7 gerekli olan teknik altyap\u0131 m\u00fckemmel bile olsa e\u011fitilmi\u015f, kaliteli ve yeterli say\u0131da personel<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunamaz. Bu nedenle yang\u0131n\u0131n her kademesinde g\u00f6revli personelin yang\u0131n sezonu \u00f6ncesinde \u00fcstlendi\u011fi g\u00f6rev do\u011frultusunda iyi bir e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilmeleri gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar gibi b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6ncelikle koruma ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme birliklerinin kurulmas\u0131 gerekir. Tepelere su deposu yap\u0131larak bunlar dolu tutulmal\u0131 ve depolara ba\u011fl\u0131 hidrant sistemi tesis edilmelidir. Belirli b\u00f6lgelerde hortum, lans, balta, k\u00fcrek, kazma gibi malzemeler bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir yang\u0131n durumunda olay yerine gelen ekipler s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme malzemelerini ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme suyunu bulabilmelidir. Yang\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edecek g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birlikler olu\u015fturulmal\u0131 ve bunlar e\u011fitilmelidir. Sadece g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yaz\u0131lmakla g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiyeci olunamayaca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

(*) Prof. Dr. Abdurrahman K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, \u0130T\u00dc Makine Fak\u00fcltesi\u00a0<\/em>http:\/\/www.yangin.org\/dosyalar\/burgazada_yangini.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Abdurrahman K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\u00a0* \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayan ve Adalar\u2019a gitmeyenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Adalar, kalabal\u0131k ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fehir ortam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmak isteyenler i\u00e7in bulunmaz mekanlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Otomobil kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verilmeyen Adalar\u2019da, fayton gezintisinin ayr\u0131 bir g\u00fczelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Faytoncular\u0131n, nal seslerinin asfaltta \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 soloyu dinleten bir tutkudur bir sevdad\u0131r Adalar. Denizin ye\u015fille kucakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un do\u011faya penceresi olan Adalar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[20,46,44,5,1,19,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=596"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3617,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596\/revisions\/3617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}