{"id":576,"date":"2015-08-12T01:47:10","date_gmt":"2015-08-11T22:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/?p=576"},"modified":"2016-02-10T03:36:32","modified_gmt":"2016-02-10T01:36:32","slug":"adalar-bir-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/?p=576","title":{"rendered":"Adalar bir nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"0070\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Adalar hakk\u0131nda bildikleriniz, bilmedikleriniz…<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Marmara Denizi\u2019nde bulunan irili ufakl\u0131 25 adadan dokuzunu kapsayan Adalar il\u00e7esi, \u0130stanbul il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, 40\u00b0 49′ 10″ kuzey ile 29\u00b0 06′ 45″ do\u011fu koordinatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda, Bostanc\u0131\u2019dan Kartal\u2019a kadar uzanan k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kalmakta ve iki k\u00fcmede toplanmaktad\u0131r. Birinci k\u00fcme k\u0131y\u0131ya daha yak\u0131n olarak kuzeybat\u0131-g\u00fcneydo\u011fu do\u011frultusunda uzanan K\u0131nal\u0131ada, Burgazada, Ka\u015f\u0131kadas\u0131, Heybeliada, B\u00fcy\u00fckada, Tav\u015fanadas\u0131 ve Sedefadas\u0131\u2019ndan, ikinci k\u00fcme ise daha a\u00e7\u0131ktaki Sivriada ve Yass\u0131ada\u2019dan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kartal ve Maltepe il\u00e7eleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131ralanan ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a uzakl\u0131klar\u0131 3 km. (B\u00fcy\u00fckada) ile 13,5 km (Yass\u0131ada) aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen adalardan B\u00fcy\u00fckada, Heybeliada, K\u0131nal\u0131ada, Burgazada ve Sedefadas\u0131\u2019nda yerle\u015fim bulunmakta iken, Ka\u015f\u0131kadas\u0131, Yass\u0131ada, Sivriada ve Tav\u015fanadas\u0131\u2019nda ise yerle\u015fim bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Adalar\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131 1133 hektar y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip olup, bunun 542 hektar\u0131 yerle\u015fik alanlard\u0131r. Di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar ise genelde ormanl\u0131k, makilik ve kayal\u0131k alanlardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Adalar\u2019\u0131n Y\u00fcz \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc <\/i><\/b>Ada\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nAlan (ha)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fckada<\/span><\/td>\n538,63<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heybeliada<\/span><\/td>\n251,07<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Burgazada<\/span><\/td>\n146,50<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0131nal\u0131ada<\/span><\/td>\n136,01<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sedefadas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n32,99<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yass\u0131ada<\/span><\/td>\n10,37<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sivriada<\/span><\/td>\n9,26<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ka\u015f\u0131kadas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n5,72<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tav\u015fanadas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n3,11<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toplam<\/span><\/td>\n1133,66<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u00a0<\/b>Do\u011fusunda Sedefadas\u0131, kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda Heybeliada, g\u00fcneyinde Tav\u015fanadas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. En uzun ada olan ve 4200 metre uzunlu\u011fa sahip B\u00fcy\u00fckada, ayn\u0131 zamanda 538,63 hektarl\u0131k y\u00fczey alan\u0131yla\u00a0en b\u00fcy\u00fck ada konumundad\u0131r. Adalar\u2019\u0131n en y\u00fcksek tepesi, B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde y\u00fckselen Y\u00fccetepe\u2019dir (202 metre). B\u00fcy\u00fckada’n\u0131n \u00c7evre uzunlu\u011fu 22.146 metredir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Heybeliada\u00a0<\/b>Bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ka\u015f\u0131kadas\u0131 ve Burgazada, G\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda ise B\u00fcy\u00fckada bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.400 metre uzunluk ile en geni\u015f ada olan Heybeliada, 251,07 hektar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ile il\u00e7enin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci adas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evre uzunlu\u011fu 12365 metre olan adan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 136 metre ile De\u011firmentepe\u2019dir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Burgazada\u00a0<\/b>Do\u011fusunda Heybeliada ve Ka\u015f\u0131kadas\u0131, kuzeyinde K\u0131nal\u0131ada, bat\u0131s\u0131nda Sivriada ve Yass\u0131ada bulunmaktad\u0131r. 146,50 hektar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ile \u00a0en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130stanbul adas\u0131d\u0131r. Boyu 1.300 metre, eni 1.500 metre uzunlu\u011fa sahiptir. Bayraktepe 170 metre ile Adalar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek ikinci noktas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evre uzunlu\u011fu 6.893 metredir.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131nal\u0131ada\u00a0<\/b>Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde yer alan adan\u0131n en ve boy uzunluklar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.325 metre ile \u00a0neredeyse e\u015fit durumdad\u0131r. Alan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 136,01 hektar\u00a0olan K\u0131nal\u0131ada\u00a0d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck ada konumundad\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 115 metre, \u00e7evre uzunlu\u011fu ise 7261 metredir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sedefadas\u0131\u00a0<\/b>32,99 hektar ile i\u00e7inde yerle\u015fim bulunan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ada olan Sedefadas\u0131, il\u00e7enin en do\u011fusunda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yass\u0131ada\u00a0<\/b>Sivriada\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda Burgazadas\u0131\u2019na 5 km. mesafede yer almaktad\u0131r. Eni 420 metre, \u00e7evre uzunlu\u011fu 1762 metredir. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 42 metre olan ada 10,37 hektar alan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sivriada\u00a0<\/b>Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, K\u0131nal\u0131ada\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Sivriada 9,26 hektar alan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 80 metre olan adan\u0131n \u00e7evre uzunlu\u011fu 1698 metredir. Burgazada\u2019ya uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 6700 metre, eni 361 metre, boyu 272 metredir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u015f\u0131kadas\u0131\u00a0<\/b>Burgazada ile Heybeliada aras\u0131nda yer alan Ka\u015f\u0131kadas\u0131 5,72 hektar alan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir. En geni\u015f noktas\u0131 222 metre, boyu 500 metredir. Adan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 ise 25 metredir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tav\u015fanadas\u0131\u00a0<\/b>Adalar il\u00e7esinin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adas\u0131 olan Tav\u015fanadas\u0131 3,11 hektar alan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir. B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde yer almaktad\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 25 metre, en y\u00fcksek geni\u015fli\u011fi 204 metre, boyu 284 metre, \u00e7evre uzunlu\u011fu ise 1.047 metredir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"IMG_20151019_140015\"<\/a>
Piri Reis Haritas\u0131 – Adalar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tarihsel Geli\u015fim\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar, tarihin \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerinde de\u011fi\u015fik adlarla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kabul\u00fcnden \u00f6nce Greklerce \u201cDemonisi\u201d veya \u201cDemonisia\u201d (Cin Adalar\u0131), Yunanl\u0131 filozof Artemidoros taraf\u0131ndan \u201cPitiusa\u201d (\u00c7aml\u0131 Ada), Romal\u0131 tabiat bilgini Plinius taraf\u0131ndan \u201cPropontidas\u201d (Marmara Adalar\u0131), H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kabul\u00fcnden sonra buralardaki say\u0131s\u0131z manast\u0131rlarda ya\u015fayan ke\u015fi\u015flerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Bizansl\u0131larca \u201cPapadonissia\u201d (Ke\u015fi\u015f Adalar\u0131), Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu devrinde h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ailesinden bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin bu adalara s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilerek manast\u0131rlarda hapsedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Avrupal\u0131larca \u201cLes iles des Princes\u201d (Prens Adalar\u0131), deniz \u00fczerinde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cHalka Adalar\u0131\u201d, topra\u011f\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fundan T\u00fcrklerce \u201cK\u0131z\u0131l Adalar\u201d diye an\u0131lan Adalar, \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklarda Ruh Adalar\u0131, Evliya Adalar\u0131, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Adalar\u0131, Ada Bak\u0131r\u0131, Marmara Adalar\u0131, Bahtiyarlar Adas\u0131 adlar\u0131 ile de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca her ada tarih boyunca de\u011fi\u015fik isimlerle an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: B\u00fcy\u00fckada i\u00e7in; \u201cPringhipo\u201d, \u201cPrinkiponissos\u201d, \u201cMegali Demonissos\u201d, \u201cDemonesca\u201d, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u201cAda-i Kebir\u201d, K\u0131z\u0131lada\u201d, \u201cCesaret\u00fc\u2019l \u00dcmera\u201d, \u201cBey Adas\u0131\u201d adlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarih boyunca Heybeliada i\u00e7in\u00a0\u201cDemonisos\u201d, \u201cDemonese\u201d, \u201cHalki\u201d, \u201cKhalki\u201d, \u201cKhalkitis\u201d, \u201cKhalkis\u201d adlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rken,\u00a0Burgazada i\u00e7in de \u201cPanormos\u201d, \u201cAntigone\u201d, \u201cAntigoni\u201d, \u201cAntigoneia\u201d, \u201cAntigonos\u201d, \u201cAntigonea\u201d, \u201cAntigonia\u201d, \u201cPurgos\u201d, \u201cBergos\u201d, \u201cBurgazlu\u201d, \u201cHisar Adas\u0131\u201d isimleri\u00a0kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131nal\u0131ada\u00a0ise\u00a0\u201cAkonae\u201d, \u201cAkoni\u201d, \u201cAkonitis\u201d, \u201cTinaki\u201d, \u201cProta\u201d, \u201cProti\u201d, \u201cProtis\u201d adlar\u0131yla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Pars Tu\u011flac\u0131, \u201cTarih Boyunca \u0130stanbul Adalar\u0131\u201d, Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Boyut Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e., Nisan 1995,Cilt I, s.19. )<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bizans \u00d6ncesi D\u00f6nem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul adalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihine ait Bizans \u00f6ncesine ait\u00a0\u00e7ok fazla bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bizans d\u00f6neminde Adalar, Ortodoks \u00a0ke\u015fi\u015fleri taraf\u0131ndan burada kurulan manast\u0131rlar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizans tarih\u00e7ileri Adalar\u2019\u0131n tarihinden bu manast\u0131rlar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bahsetmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bu y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce Adalar\u0131n yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.\u00a0Nitekim K\u0131nal\u0131ada ve B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da bulunan VI. ve VII. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131na ait arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar bunu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple bu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n Romal\u0131lar devrinde yap\u0131lan manast\u0131rlara temel olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Burgaz Adas\u0131\u2019nda Latince kitabesi olan bir mezar ta\u015f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i Timones\u2019e g\u00f6re tarihlenebilen ilk \u00f6nemli olay, Makedonya Kral\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in komutanlar\u0131ndan Antinogos\u2019un o\u011flu Dimitrios Poliorkites\u2019in M.\u00d6. 311\u2019de \u00c7anakkale ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 Lisimakhos ve Kasandros\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kurtarma harek\u00e2t\u0131na giri\u015ftikten sonra M.\u00d6. 298\u2019de babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131na ve an\u0131s\u0131na o d\u00f6nemdeki ad\u0131 \u201cPanormos\u201d olan Burgazada\u2019da bir kale in\u015fa ettirmesi ve Ada\u2019ya da Antigoni ad\u0131n\u0131 vermesidir. Nitekim Burgazada\u2019n\u0131n tepesinde bulunan \u00fczeri Latince yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir mezar ta\u015f\u0131 ile 1930\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da bulunan ve i\u00e7inde B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in babas\u0131 Makedonya Kral\u0131 II. Filip\u2019e ait alt\u0131n paralar\u0131 i\u00e7eren B\u00fcy\u00fckada definesi, bunu yeterince do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar, tarih boyunca s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri olarak ad\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z ettirmi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda Adalar\u2019a verilen \u201cPrens Adalar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131, Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde imparator ailesinden bir\u00e7ok \u015fahs\u0131n buraya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilerek, manast\u0131rlara hapsedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan ileri gelmektedir. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru B\u00fcy\u00fck Konstantin zaman\u0131nda (M.S. 350) Ermenistan Kral\u0131 II. Ar\u015fak taraf\u0131ndan kendisine el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderilen Ermeni Gato\u011figosu I. Nerses ve beraberindeki 10\u00a0ki\u015filik heyetin Yass\u0131ada\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Adalar’daki ilk s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olarak bilinmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bizans D\u00f6nemi\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar\u2019\u0131n bilinen tarihi, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. I. Iustinianos\u2019un (527\u2013565) yerine ge\u00e7en \u0130mparator II. Iustinos\u2019un (565\u2013578) 569 y\u0131l\u0131nda antik d\u00f6nemde de Megale (B\u00fcy\u00fck) olarak an\u0131lan B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bir manast\u0131r ve saray in\u015fa ettirmesiyle Adalar, Bizans tarihinde yerini almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bizans \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri olarak kullan\u0131lan Adalar, Bizans d\u00f6neminde de s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri olarak kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmi\u015ftir. II. Iustinos taraf\u0131ndan 567\u2019de Patrik Eutikhos, Amasya\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmeden \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 hafta B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da tutuklu kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mparator Herakleios da kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanma hareketine giri\u015fece\u011finden ku\u015fkuland\u0131\u011f\u0131 o\u011flu Attalarik\u2019i 637\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten sonra Bizans tarihine \u201c\u0130konoklazm Ak\u0131m\u0131\u201d diye ge\u00e7en tasvir (resim) k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 buhran d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (726\u2013842). \u015eiddetli \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitti\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6zellikle VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda m\u00fccadeleyi kaybeden veya g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015fen din adamlar\u0131 ve imparatorlar ile imparator akrabalar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla g\u00f6zlerine mil \u00e7ekilip i\u015fkence edilerek Adalar\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015flerdir. IV. Leon\u2019un (775\u2013780) \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten \u0130mparatori\u00e7e \u0130rini, o\u011flu Konstantin\u2019i ve Prenses Efrosini\u2019yi, B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da II. Iustinos\u2019un saray\u0131 \u00fczerinde in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi Kad\u0131nlar manast\u0131r\u0131na kapatm\u0131\u015f, daha\u00a0sonra kendisi de tahttan indirilerek buraya (31 Ekim 802) s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. 1067\u20131071 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren \u0130mparator IV. Romanos Diogenis, Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Alparslan taraf\u0131ndan esir al\u0131n\u0131p serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, kendi \u0131rkda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlerine mil \u00e7ekilerek K\u0131nal\u0131ada tepesinde kendisinin yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu manast\u0131ra kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar\u2019daki manast\u0131rlarda s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerden ba\u015fka, d\u00fcnyadan elini ete\u011fini \u00e7ekmi\u015f tarik-i d\u00fcnyalar \u00e7ile doldurmakta ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli arazilerde \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131 ve bah\u00e7ecilikle u\u011fra\u015fmakta ve hatta bu\u011fday tar\u0131m\u0131 yapmakta, bir yandan da el yazmas\u0131 din kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartmakta olduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 k\u00f6yleri de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar\u2019\u0131n erzak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olmas\u0131, talan ve ya\u011fmay\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Adalar, 18 Haziran 860\u2019ta Rus Kazak korsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, 9 Nisan 1182\u2019de Latinler taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda (1202 -1204) Ayastefenos (Ye\u015filk\u00f6y) \u00f6nlerinde kararg\u00e2h kuran Latinlere, Venedik D\u00fck\u00fc Henricus Dandolo, ikmal yeri i\u00e7in Adalar\u2019\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctledi\u011finden, Adalar bir kez daha Latinler taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra 1302\u2019de E\u011friboz ve Giritli korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, ya\u011fmaland\u0131ktan sonra ke\u015fi\u015fler esir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130mparator II. Andronikos Paleologos, fidye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ke\u015fi\u015fleri geri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

1348 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adalar, Ceneviz ve Bizans gemilerinin sava\u015fmas\u0131na sahne olmu\u015f, 1352\u2019de de Nikola Pisani y\u00f6netimindeki Venedik-Katalon donanmas\u0131 Bizans\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131p geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Adalar\u2019a gelerek B\u00fcy\u00fckada \u00f6nlerine demirlemi\u015fler ve m\u00fcrettebat karaya \u00e7\u0131karak ikmal yap\u0131p bir s\u00fcre dinlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"1069234_10203066805448333_199682369_n\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bu\u00e7uk ay \u00f6nce, Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in kenti ku\u015fatmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 17 Nisan 1453\u2019te Kaptan-\u0131 Derya Baltao\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey, Adalar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek\u00a0T\u00fcrklerin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinden sonra, Adalar\u2019daki trajedilerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 manast\u0131rlar bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130stanbul civar\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fimlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir.\u00a01562\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veba salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine vebadan ka\u00e7an bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyan zenginleri Heybeliada\u2019daki manast\u0131rlara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

1624 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 bir ayaklanma sebebiyle K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da iken bir \u00e7aykal\u0131k Don Kaza\u011f\u0131 Filosu, f\u0131rsattan yararlanarak \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan i\u00e7eri girip Adalar\u2019a kadar gelip savunmas\u0131z olan Heybeliada\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131karma yaparak Papas Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki Ayia Triada Kilisesi ve Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deli \u0130brahim\u2019in padi\u015fahl\u0131k devrinde \u00fcnl\u00fc T\u00fcrk gezgini Evliya \u00c7elebi, bindi\u011fi bir gemi ile 1641 y\u0131l\u0131nda Heybeliada\u2019ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla Tav\u015fanadas\u0131, Burgazadas\u0131, K\u0131nal\u0131ada ve ard\u0131ndan da B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011fini, bu adalarda 100\u2013200 haneli k\u00f6yler bulundu\u011funu, k\u00f6ylerin ba\u011fl\u0131k bah\u00e7elik, k\u00f6y zenginlerinin ise zengin Rum bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 reisleri oldu\u011funu anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

III. Selim 1806 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n dostlu\u011funu Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik unsuru olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp, Frans\u0131z rejimini tan\u0131yarak el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndermesinden sonra, ani olarak Eflak ve Bo\u011fdan Rus sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f (1807), \u0130ngiliz El\u00e7isi Arbuthnot da Ruslar\u0131n taraf\u0131n\u0131 tutarak; \u00c7anakkale m\u00fcstahkem mevkilerinin ve Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngilizlere teslimini ve Frans\u0131zlarla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ili\u015fkinin kesilmesini istemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, Osmanl\u0131lar hem Ruslarla hem de \u0130ngilizlerle sava\u015fa girmi\u015ftir. Marmara\u2019ya giren \u0130ngiliz Donanmas\u0131 Adalar\u2019dan su almak istediyse de askerler karaya \u00e7\u0131kamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Donanman\u0131n K\u0131nal\u0131ada\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131karma yapma \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, halk Heybeliada ve Haydarpa\u015fa\u2019dan gelenlerle birlikte etkin bir savunma g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. 20 \u015eubat 1807\u2019de Adal\u0131lar \u0130ngiliz amiralinin o\u011flunu esir alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1 Mart 1807 tarihinde, \u0130ngiliz amirali ani bir kararla yelken a\u00e7\u0131p Marmara Denizi\u2019ne a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Heybeliadal\u0131lar, d\u00fc\u015fmana cesaretle kar\u015f\u0131 koymalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan vergiden muaf tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir kaza sonucu Heybeliada Papas Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki Ayia Triada Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yanmas\u0131, K\u0131nal\u0131ada\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk sahibi \u0130psilantis ailesinin Yunan ihtilaline kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle m\u00fclklerinin Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetince haczedilmesi, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren ayaklanmalardan yararlanan baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n Adalar\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak silah depolamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 daha sonra yakalanarak Adalar\u2019dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, 1821 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00f6nemli tarihsel olaylar olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na kadar kendi haline terk edilmi\u015f, 1839 Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 ile yabanc\u0131lara m\u00fclk edinme olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131yan yasal d\u00fczenleme sonunda h\u0131zla geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015ftir. 1846\u2019da d\u00fczenli vapur seferlerinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6\u015fk ve oteller 1855 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, mevcut kilise ve manast\u0131rlar onar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"1894depremisonrasiHeybeliada\"<\/a>
1894 depreminden sonras\u0131 Heybeliada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un zenginleri, az\u0131nl\u0131klar ve yabanc\u0131 uyruklular bu geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde Adalar\u2019\u0131 bir sayfiye yeri haline getirmi\u015flerdir. Bu geli\u015fme sonunda \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulan ilk \u00fc\u00e7 belediye dairesinden biri, Yedinci Daire diye an\u0131lan Adalar Belediyesi olmu\u015ftur ( 1861 ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul n\u00fcfusunun % 45\u2019i M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan, % 41\u2019i Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudilerden olu\u015furken; Adalar n\u00fcfusunun %71\u2019i Rum ve Ermenilerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tablo 2.3.1 \u0130stanbul 1885 N\u00fcfusu*\u00a0<\/i><\/b>Topluluk<\/span><\/td>\nN\u00fcfus<\/span><\/td>\n%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcman<\/span><\/td>\n425365<\/span><\/td>\n45<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rum Ortodoks<\/span><\/td>\n188012<\/span><\/td>\n20<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ermeni Gregoryen<\/span><\/td>\n152399<\/span><\/td>\n16<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yahudi<\/span><\/td>\n44435<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Di\u011fer<\/span><\/td>\n144056<\/span><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toplam<\/span><\/td>\n954267<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tablo 2.3.2 Adalar 1890 N\u00fcfusu*\u00a0<\/i><\/b>Topluluk<\/span><\/td>\nN\u00fcfus<\/span><\/td>\n%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rum Ortodoks<\/span><\/td>\n5010<\/span><\/td>\n48<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcman<\/span><\/td>\n2990<\/span><\/td>\n29<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ermeni Gregoryen<\/span><\/td>\n1300<\/span><\/td>\n12<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ermeni Latin Katolik<\/span><\/td>\n1203<\/span><\/td>\n11<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toplam<\/span><\/td>\n10503<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0(* )Hemingway E., Eski \u0130stanbul, \u0130\u015fgal \u0130stanbul\u2019u ve \u0130ki D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, ikinci bas\u0131m, Ankara, Temmuz 1988, s.14. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

10 Temmuz 1894\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda Adalar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, Heybeliada\u2019daki Ruhban Okulu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok manast\u0131r ve bina y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131 (1908) ve II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in tahttan indirilmesinden sonra padi\u015fah\u0131n naz\u0131rlar\u0131 ve yaverleri Adalar\u2019da oturmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015flar ve \u201cAda Misafirleri\u201d diye an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Adalar1887-Londradabas\u0131lanPlan\u0131GrDavies\"<\/a>
Adalar, 1887 (Londra’da bas\u0131lan Plan\u0131 – GrDavies)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra i\u015fgal edilen \u0130stanbul\u2019la birlikte Adalar\u2019a da i\u015fgal kuvvetleri gelmi\u015ftir (1918). Daha sonra Bol\u015fevik \u0130htilali (1917) sonucunda, General Wrangel komutas\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131devrimci Kafkas Ordusu\u2019nun yenilgisi \u00fczerine K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019dan ka\u00e7an Rus soylular\u0131 Adalar\u2019a gelmeye ve ada evlerine yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra, Mustafa Kemal\u00a01928 yaz\u0131ndan itibaren her y\u0131l B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019daki Yat Kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019ne gelmi\u015f, burada\u00a0\u00e7e\u015fitli\u00a0toplant\u0131lar\u00a0d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fckada Yat Kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn\u00a0d\u00f6nemin\u00a0siyasi, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019un il\u00e7esi konumunda olan Adalar\u2019da il\u00e7e merkezi B\u00fcy\u00fckada olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Adalar, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk musikisinde, sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ve de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Mehmed Celal, Cevat \u015eakir (Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131), Yahya Kemal Beyatl\u0131, Halit Fahri, Sait Faik Abas\u0131yan\u0131k, H\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131nar, Ahmet Rasim, Re\u015fat Nuri G\u00fcntekin, Celal Sahir, Tevfik Fikret, Bedri Rahmi Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu, Faz\u0131l Ahmet Ayka\u00e7, Ya\u015far Nabi, Ali Nizami Bey, \u0130brahim Necmi Dilmen, Tahsin Nahit, Halit Ziya U\u015fakl\u0131gil, Nurullah Ata\u00e7, Hamdullah Suphi Tanr\u0131\u00f6ver, Ru\u015fen E\u015fref \u00dcnayd\u0131n, Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, Yusuf Ziya Orta\u00e7, Orhan Seyfi Orhon, Halit Fahri Ozansoy, H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n, Macit G\u00f6kberk, Do\u011fan Avc\u0131o\u011flu gibi devlet adam\u0131, edebiyat\u00e7\u0131, gazeteci, \u015fair ve yazarlar burada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar ve Adalar\u2019\u0131 konu alan \u015fiirler, konular\u0131 Adalar\u2019da ge\u00e7en hik\u00e2ye ve romanlar yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Adalar bir\u00e7ok bestek\u00e2ra ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Tuna, Teoman Alpay, Osman Nihat, Mustafa Nafiz Irmak, Tamburi Mustafa \u00c7avu\u015f, Necmi R\u0131za Ah\u0131skan, Yasar\u0131 As\u0131m Arsoy, Kadri \u015een\u00e7alar, M\u00fcnir Nurettin Sel\u00e7uk gelmektedir. Adalar ayn\u0131 zamanda bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011finde eserler vermi\u015f bir\u00e7ok kompozit\u00f6re de esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Dikran \u00c7uhac\u0131yan Efendi\u2019nin Proti Polka (K\u0131nal\u0131ada Polkas\u0131), Constantin Sarafopulo\u2019un B\u00fcy\u00fckada i\u00e7in besteledi\u011fi B\u00fcy\u00fckada an\u0131s\u0131 isimli eseri, Prof. Edgar Manas\u2019\u0131n Prens Adalar\u0131 adl\u0131 piyano s\u00fciti buna \u00f6rnektir. M\u00fczisyen Horutyan Sironyon, caz kral\u0131 olarak bilinen Gregor, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk dans profes\u00f6r\u00fc Arda\u015f Panoysan da bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fi alan\u0131nda eserler yarat\u0131rken Adalar\u2019\u0131 \u00f6n plana alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pars Tu\u011flac\u0131, \u201cTarih Boyunca \u0130stanbul Adalar\u0131\u201d, Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Boyut Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e., Nisan 1995, Cilt I-II<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Hemingway E., Eski \u0130stanbul, \u0130\u015fgal \u0130stanbul\u2019u ve \u0130ki D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, ikinci bas\u0131m, Ankara, Temmuz 1988\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ostrogorsky, G., Bizans Devlet Tarihi (\u00c7eviren: Prof. Fikret I\u015f\u0131ltan), Ank., 1981\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Mamboury, Ernest, Les \u0130les des Princes, \u0130st. 1943, \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Vizantios, Skarlatos, I. Konstantinopolis, Atina, 1862\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adalar hakk\u0131nda bildikleriniz, bilmedikleriniz… Marmara Denizi\u2019nde bulunan irili ufakl\u0131 25 adadan dokuzunu kapsayan Adalar il\u00e7esi, \u0130stanbul il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, 40\u00b0 49′ 10″ kuzey ile 29\u00b0 06′ 45″ do\u011fu koordinatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. \u0130stanbul\u2019un g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda, Bostanc\u0131\u2019dan Kartal\u2019a kadar uzanan k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kalmakta ve iki k\u00fcmede toplanmaktad\u0131r. Birinci k\u00fcme k\u0131y\u0131ya daha yak\u0131n olarak kuzeybat\u0131-g\u00fcneydo\u011fu do\u011frultusunda uzanan K\u0131nal\u0131ada, Burgazada, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3349,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[102,20,113,5,4,1,3,19,10,6,11,7,8,83,9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/576"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=576"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3428,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/576\/revisions\/3428"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}