{"id":4640,"date":"2019-09-21T19:07:37","date_gmt":"2019-09-21T16:07:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/?p=4640"},"modified":"2019-09-30T12:46:28","modified_gmt":"2019-09-30T09:46:28","slug":"avrupa-kentleri-ve-adalar-asiri-turist-akinlarina-karsi-cozum-ariyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/?p=4640","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa kentleri ve adalar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turist ak\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ar\u0131yor…"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(dokuzadabirdeniz.com)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Turizm\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fc son y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.8 milyar insan turistik ama\u00e7larla, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na seyahat ediyor. \u00a0Bu durum k\u00fcresel ekonomide turizmin giderek daha \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.\u00a0Bug\u00fcn turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc toplam k\u00fcresel GSMH’n\u0131n y\u00fczde 2’sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretir hale gelmi\u015f durumda. (1)\u00a0Havayollar\u0131 \u015firketlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her noktas\u0131na ula\u015fan seferlerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe oranlara ucuz ula\u015f\u0131m imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 uzun yolculuklar\u0131\u00a0m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u00a0hale getiriyor. Turizm uzmanlar\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin \u00a0fiyatlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren dijital hizmetlerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan\u00a0kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bu geli\u015fmelere ekliyor.\u00a0\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sona ermesinden bu yana h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen k\u00fcresel turizm \u00f6zellikle 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren katlanarak artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"gt2018\"<\/a><\/p>\n

UNWTO-Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler D\u00fcnya Turizm \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel turistlerin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fc kendi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131\u00a0b\u00f6lgelerde seyahat ediyor. Avrupa’da ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yine Avrupa’da, Ortado\u011fu’da ya\u015fayanlar yine Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde seyahatlere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Uzun vadeli bir geli\u015fme trendi s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Avrupa \u00fclkeleri yaln\u0131zca 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 713 milyon ziyaret\u00e7iye ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada k\u00fcresel turizm piyasas\u0131na \u00a0Fransa \u00f6nderlik ediyor. Onu \u0130spanya, ABD,\u00a0\u00c7in\u00a0ve \u0130talya\u00a0izliyor . T\u00fcrkiye’nin en \u00e7ok ziyaret edilen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki yeri ise y\u0131llara g\u00f6re 6. ve 10.’luk aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan bir \u00fclkenin \u00fcretti\u011fi turist say\u0131s\u0131, geliri ve n\u00fcfusu ile\u00a0g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.\u00a0\u00c7in’in artan serveti, \u00c7inlileri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 turist \u00fcreten \u00fclkesi haline getiriyor.\u00a02017 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00c7inli turistler yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 143 milyon yolculuk yaparken, \u00c7in’i \u00a0Almanya (92 milyon), ABD (87,8 milyon) ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k (74,2 milyon metre) vatanda\u015flar\u0131 izliyor.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Seyahat Komisyonu-ETC taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan 2018 turizm raporunda ise 33 Avrupa \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda \u00fclkeye gelen\u00a0turist say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 en fazla art\u0131ran \u00fclke T\u00fcrkiye. Rapora g\u00f6re ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye’yi ziyaret eden turist say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki seneye g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 22’den fazla artarak rekor k\u0131rd\u0131. Belirlenen hesaplamalara g\u00f6re turist say\u0131s\u0131 tarihte ilk defa 40 milyonu ge\u00e7erek 2018’de 47 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise\u00a0bu rakam\u0131n 50 milyona ula\u015fmas\u0131 bekleniyor. T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2016’da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve darbe giri\u015fiminin ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fcyen turist say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde toparland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan\u00a0ETC raporuna g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye’ye gelen yabanc\u0131 turistler aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015f Ruslarda ya\u015fand\u0131. 2018’de T\u00fcrkiye’yi ziyaret eden Rus turist say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 1,7 milyon artarak 6,4 milyonu bulurken,\u00a0Almanya ve Arap \u00fclkelerinden yap\u0131lan seyahatlar de art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Turizmdeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n temel etkenlerden biri olarak kur seviyelerindeki de\u011fi\u015fim nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye’nin di\u011fer \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re daha ucuz bir tatil mekan\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir etken oldu.\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye’den sonra Avrupa’da turist say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 en fazla art\u0131ran iki \u00fclke ise yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 15 art\u0131\u015fla S\u0131rbistan ve Malta oldu. Oransal olarak en b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f ise Karada\u011f’a ait. Yeni bir turistik merkez olmaya ba\u015flayan Karada\u011f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Avrupa ve Asya \u00fclkelerinden 15 milyona yak\u0131n turist\u00a0a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\"avoturst\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kentler turizmle m\u00fccadele ediyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu geli\u015fme beraberinde bir diz sorunu da getiriyor. T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fanan turistik\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fcme\u00a0ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul olmak \u00fczere turistik b\u00f6lgelerde ciddi bir demografik\u00a0ve\u00a0ekonomik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yarat\u0131yor. Turistikle\u015fen b\u00f6lgeler ve alanlarda do\u011fal ve sosyal ya\u015fam d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011fruyor ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla tahrip ediliyor. Bug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok d\u00fcnya \u00fclkesi,\u00a0turizmin ekonomi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok faydal\u0131 bir end\u00fcstri, bir “bacas\u0131z sanayi” oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, bir\u00a0kente\u00a0\u00e7ok fazla turist geldi\u011finde o \u015fehrin art\u0131k tan\u0131namaz hale gelmesi ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle bo\u011fu\u015fuyor. Turistik merkezlerin sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve do\u011fal niteliklerini h\u0131zla kaybetmeleri “s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir turizm”, “koruma kullanma dengesi’ gibi yeni kavramlar\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.\u00a0\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin Amsterdam 850 bin ki\u015filik n\u00fcfusuyla ortalama bir \u015fehir. Ancak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l \u015fehre 17 milyon turist ak\u0131n etti. Sadece 5 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu rakam 12 milyondu. Bir\u00e7ok insan yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajlarda \u00a0\u201cArt\u0131k durum iyice kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kendi \u015fehrimi tan\u0131yam\u0131yorum,\u201d derken turistlerin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7evre\u00a0kirlili\u011fi, su\u00e7lar\u0131n artmas\u0131, altyap\u0131n\u0131n zorlanmas\u0131, konut ve t\u00fcketim \u00fcr\u00fcnleri fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi gibi do\u011frudan etkilere de neden oluyor. (2) Bu nedenle\u00a0Amsterdam\u2019da yerel y\u00f6neticiler\u00a0insanlar\u0131n evlerini airbnb<\/em> \u00fczerinden kiraya verebilecekleri s\u00fcreyi 60 g\u00fcnle s\u0131n\u0131rlama, turistlere hitap eden d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama, tur otob\u00fcslerinin kente giri\u015fini yasaklama gibi \u00f6nlemlere ba\u015fvuruyor.<\/p>\n

\"5976\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Turist sorunu sadece Hollanda ile de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Barselona,\u00a0Paris, Lizbon, Viyana, Venedik, Madrid ve Reykjavik gibi \u015fehirler de benzer \u00f6nlemler almaya y\u00f6neliyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin her y\u0131l 22 milyon ki\u015finin ziyaret etti\u011fi\u00a0Venedik’te belediyenin belirledi\u011fi noktalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda biraz soluklanmak i\u00e7in oturmaya kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z 500 Avro ceza yeme ihtimaliniz bulunuyor. \u015eehirde daha \u00f6nce de turistlerin s\u0131k\u00e7a gezdi\u011fi St. Mark Meydan\u0131 ve Rialto K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde oturmak\u00a0yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/a>. Venedikte halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan\u00a0#EnjoyRespectVenezia<\/a>\u00a0(Venedik\u2019ten keyif al ve sayg\u0131 duy) kampanyas\u0131 \u00a0yaz aylar\u0131nda \u015fehirdeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turist ak\u0131n\u0131na \u00f6nlem olarak\u00a0uygulamaya devam ediliyor. (3) Kentin yerli n\u00fcfusu 500 bin ki\u015fiye kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda ve yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re turistler 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda kentte turistten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmeyecekler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yerli n\u00fcfus art\u0131k Venedik’te bar\u0131nm\u0131yor olacak.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn Venedik’te\u00a0sa\u011fdan y\u00fcr\u00fcmek mecburi ve k\u00f6pr\u00fclerde bekleme yapmak ya da bisikletle gezmek yasak. Mayoyla gezmek, g\u00fcvercinlere yem atmak ve\u00a0tekerlekli bavul kullanmak\u00a0da yasaklar aras\u0131nda. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Listesi’ne giren Venedik, bu listeye giren \u015fehirlere turlar d\u00fczenleyen seyahat \u015firketlerinin g\u00f6zdesi durumuna geldikten sonra kente gelen turist say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde artt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n UNESCO\u00a0D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Listesi’ndeki kenti Brugge’\u00fcn belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 Dirk De\u00a0Faul de\u00a0kentin artan say\u0131da turistle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma yetene\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe ederek turizmde ya\u015fanan % 28’lik art\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri almaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u201cBrugge’intam bir Disneyland olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorsak turist ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla kontrol etmeliyiz,\u201d diyen Faul’\u00fcn y\u00f6netti\u011fi Brugge’e ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l ba\u015fka bir Unesco d\u00fcnya miras\u0131\u00a0alan\u0131 olan\u00a0Dubrovnik kenti de eklendi. Tarihi\u00a0sokaklarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kalabal\u0131kla\u015fmadan sonra d\u0131\u015f mekanlardaki restoran masalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, sokak sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi Dubrovnik’te al\u0131nan ilk \u00f6nlemler oldu.<\/p>\n

\"273742\"
Turist: Senin l\u00fcks seyahatin, benim g\u00fcndelik sefaletim!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bug\u00fcn Adriyatik’teki Cruise turizminin en \u00f6nemli limanlar\u0131ndan biri olan H\u0131rvatistan’\u0131n Dubrovnik kenti, \u00e7o\u011fu eski limana demirlenen 400’den fazla yolcu gemisiyle ve onlar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi\u00a0\u00fc\u00e7 milyon civar\u0131ndaki ziyaret\u00e7iyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya\u00a0u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor. Al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler aras\u0131nda\u00a0gelecek y\u0131l 4.000 ki\u015filik bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck ziyaret\u00e7i kotas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0uygulanmas\u0131, limana yana\u015facak gemi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da ikiyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00a0var. Dubrovnik’teki \u00e7evre haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131, Cruise gemilerinin her birinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enerji t\u00fcketim ve karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m merkezi oldu\u011funu, bu gemilerin kentin \u00e7evresinde motorlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyorlar.<\/p>\n

2018’in\u00a0Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde Floransa\u2019da sokakta yemek servisinin yasaklanmas\u0131,\u00a0Roma\u2019da Trevi \u00c7e\u015fmesine ziyaretlerin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, Sardinya’n\u0131n\u00a0plajlar\u0131ndan kum \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131na 500 ile 3000 euro aras\u0131 cezalar kesilmesi de turist ak\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fka Avrupa kentlerinde al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131. (4)\u00a0H\u0131rvatistan’a kom\u015fu olan ve son y\u0131llarda turizmin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla\u00a0geli\u015fti\u011fi Karada\u011f da benzer sorunlar ya\u015f\u0131yor. Karada\u011f’\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00a0Kotor kentinin liman\u0131 her g\u00fcn genellikle her biri ortalama 12 saatlik bir s\u00fcre limanda kalan \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck Cruise teknesinin\u00a0i\u015fgaliyle bo\u011fu\u015fuyor.\u00a0Adriyatik’teki en pop\u00fcler \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nokta olan\u00a0Kotor, 2019’da yar\u0131m milyondan fazla insan\u0131 getiren \u00a0500 yolcu gemisi bekliyor. \u00a0Kotor Deniz Biyoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Vesna Ma\u010di\u010d, \u00a0b\u00f6lgenin sadece 50 gemi ve 50.000 ki\u015finin kente\u00a0geldi\u011fi\u00a02003 y\u0131l\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tahribat\u00a0ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.\u00a0Ma\u010di\u010d’e g\u00f6re k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan s\u00fcngerler, mercanlar, deniz y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 ve\u00a0bal\u0131k \u00fcreme alanlar\u0131\u00a0ya\u015fanan turistik hareketlilikten b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve k\u0131sa zamanda \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekiyor.\u00a0(5)<\/p>\n

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D\u00fcnya adalar\u0131nda turistik y\u0131k\u0131m<\/strong><\/div>\n
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D\u00fcnyada tarih kent merkezlerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6rece daha az ziyaret\u00e7i ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\u00a0daha az tahrip edildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen adalardaki durum san\u0131lan\u0131n aksine \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fc. Fiziksel olarak kapal\u0131 ve denizle \u00e7evrili mekanlar olan d\u00fcnya adalar\u0131ndaki sosyal ve do\u011fal y\u0131k\u0131m \u00e7ok daha g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00a0bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n

\"8ef708229c421e9a52ae52a983f561\"
“Turizm Mayorka’y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130spanya’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli turistik b\u00f6lgelerinden biri olan\u00a0Mayorka (Mallorca) Adas\u0131<\/strong> en \u00e7ok bilinen \u00f6rneklerden biri.\u00a0Y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k\u00a010 milyon ziyaret\u00e7i alan Mayorka, her sene yaz sezonunda b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0bir\u00a0trafik karma\u015fas\u0131yla, hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, kalabal\u0131kla, ba\u015fkent Palma’daki b\u00fct\u00fcn evlerin turistik olarak i\u015fletilmesi nedeniyle yerli n\u00fcfusun art\u0131k kentte bar\u0131namamas\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme geliyor.\u00a0Adaya her y\u0131l \u00a0gelen yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 Cruise gemisi her birinin 22.000 ki\u015fiye kadar ula\u015fabilen kapasiteleriyle Mayorka\u00a0\u00a0halk\u0131n\u0131 “art\u0131k yeter” demeye y\u00f6neltiyor. Son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r adada d\u00fczenlenen turizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00a0g\u00f6sterilerde “Tourism Kills Mallorca” (Turizm Mayorkay\u0131 \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor), “Tourist Go Home” (Turistler Evinize D\u00f6n\u00fcn) sloganlar\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Endonezya’n\u0131n Bali Adas\u0131<\/strong> <\/em>da turizmin en b\u00fcy\u00fck tahribat\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 adalardan biri. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 13,7 milyon deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 turisti a\u011f\u0131rlayan\u00a0Endonezya’da bu turistlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k\u00a04,5 milyonu Bali adas\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret etti. Uluslararas\u0131 turizm \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan paketlenmi\u015f bir cennet olarak sunulan\u00a0Bali Adas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00a0\u00a01963 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sanur’daki Bali Beach Hotel’in in\u015faat\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131\u00a0ve1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ngurah Rai Uluslararas\u0131 Havaliman\u0131’n\u0131n in\u015faat\u0131yla birlikte ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ziyaret\u00e7ilerdeki art\u0131\u015f, adan\u0131n \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcrken h\u00fck\u00fcmet iki sene \u00f6nce Bali plajlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan plastik\u00a0gel-gitlerine kar\u015f\u0131 “acil \u00e7\u00f6p durumu” ilan etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Jimbaran, Kuta ve Seminyak plajlar\u0131nda en yo\u011fun aylarda\u00a0her g\u00fcn 100 ton \u00e7\u00f6p \u00fcretiliyordu .<\/p>\n

\"bali\"
Filipinler Bali Adas\u0131’nda \u00e7\u00f6p y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131…<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Meksika’n\u0131n Yucatan yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki Cozumel<\/strong><\/em> ise bir\u00a0ba\u015fka \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnek. Bir ka\u00e7 y\u00fcz sakini, birka\u00e7 kilise ve Maya harabelerini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Cozumel bug\u00fcn kruvaziyer liman turizminin mercan resiflerini yoketti\u011fi, y\u0131lda neredeyse tamam\u0131 Florida’dan gelen 3,6 milyon ki\u015finin ziyaret etti\u011fi bir b\u00f6lge durumunda.<\/p>\n

Filipinler’in 30 bin ki\u015filik n\u00fcfusa sahip, 7 km2’lik\u00a0k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adas\u0131 Boracay’\u0131n <\/strong>kaderi ise\u00a0Travel + Leisure Dergisi’nin Boracay’\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel adas\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fti. 2012 sonras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir turistik i\u015fgale u\u011frayan ada bug\u00fcn mavi sular\u0131na akan la\u011f\u0131mlarla an\u0131l\u0131yor. Filipinler Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Rodrigo Duterte’nin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bir “la\u011f\u0131m” haline geldi\u011fini ve b\u00fcy\u00fck sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi Boracay adas\u0131n\u0131n mavi sular\u0131na do\u011frudan akan la\u011f\u0131m sular\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6pler ve turistik tesisler aday\u0131 bir felaketin\u00a0e\u015fe\u011fine s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fcyor.\u00a0Aday\u0131 ekolojik bir felaketten kurtarmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ilan etti\u011fi acil \u00f6nlemler kapsam\u0131nda\u00a0inceleme yapan\u00a0m\u00fcfetti\u015fler 800’den fazla \u00e7evre ihlali buldu. \u0130ncelemeler sonunda\u00a0ada\u00a0alt\u0131 ay boyunca turistlere kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Sonunda\u00a0Filipinler h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Boracay adas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0kontroll\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr turizmine ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in Filipinler’e \u00f6zg\u00fc yeni bir ad\u0131m att\u0131:\u00a0 Adada 500 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir sahil kumarhanesi in\u015fa etme anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131!<\/p>\n

\"5590\"<\/a>
Venedik-2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak Avrupa’da ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde bu alandaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar, geli\u015fmeler ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00fcresel bir kent olarak geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci devam ediyor. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k turist say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2 milyara ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve turizmin d\u00fcnya GSMH’n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 5’lik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131 beklenirken kentlerin, do\u011fan\u0131n ve ya\u015fam\u0131n nas\u0131l korunaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin\u00a0tart\u0131\u015fmalar da devam ediyor…<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de turizm end\u00fcstrisinin giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi kentsel ve do\u011fal ya\u015fam\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren ve tahrip eden bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maya do\u011fru h\u0131zla ilerliyor. Ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok turistik merkezde kentin kimi ya\u015fayan, canl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinin (Suri\u00e7i, Taksim gibi) turizme terkedilmesi, kentsel belle\u011fin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011felerin ya\u015famdan kopart\u0131larak\u00a0m\u00fczele\u015ftirilmesi, pek \u00e7ok mahallenin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 bu s\u00fcrecin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergelerinden biri durumunda. Turistikle\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci\u00a0bug\u00fcne kadar al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n oldu\u011funuz\u00a0bakir koylara yap\u0131lan turistik oteller, devre m\u00fclkler,\u00a0yazl\u0131k tesisler, ormanlar\u0131n,\u00a0k\u0131y\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fal, tarihi ve arkeolojik merkezlerin i\u015fgali ve ticarile\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6tesinde sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furuyor. Art\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kentlere dair ula\u015f\u0131mdan, bar\u0131nmaya, beslenmeden, e\u011flenceye kadar bir\u00e7ok sosyal alan\u0131 da etkileyen ve mekansal alg\u0131lar\u0131 da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flayan bu turistikle\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famda da hissetmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz. \u00a0\u0130stanbul’un Suri\u00e7i ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc turistik destinasyonu haline gelen Adalar da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten en \u00e7ok etkilenen b\u00f6lgelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.<\/p>\n

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Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
(1) \u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/2019\/jul\/01\/global-tourism-hits-record-highs-but-who-goes-where-on-holiday<\/div>\n
(2)\u00a0http:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/amsterdam-tourism-airbnb-crime-netherlands\/<\/div>\n
(3) https:\/\/www.comune.venezia.it\/en\/content\/comportamenti-vietati<\/div>\n
(4) https:\/\/cnn.com\/travel\/article\/florence-street-eating-ban\/index.html<\/div>\n
(5) https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2019\/sep\/16\/a-rising-tide-overtourism-and-the-curse-of-the-cruise-ships<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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(dokuzadabirdeniz.com) Turizm\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fc son y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.8 milyar insan turistik ama\u00e7larla, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na seyahat ediyor. \u00a0Bu durum k\u00fcresel ekonomide turizmin giderek daha \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.\u00a0Bug\u00fcn turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc toplam k\u00fcresel GSMH’n\u0131n y\u00fczde 2’sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretir hale gelmi\u015f durumda. (1)\u00a0Havayollar\u0131 \u015firketlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her noktas\u0131na ula\u015fan seferlerin …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[102,135,49,83,142],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4640"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4640"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4755,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4640\/revisions\/4755"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dokuzadabirdeniz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}